By: Dr Rosie Alcorn BVSc PG Cert VPS Cert AVP MRCVS
The equine microbiome plays a vital role in the health and wellbeing of horses, but how does it impact newborn foals and their future development? Understanding this relationship is key to promoting optimal health and performance from the very beginning of life.
The microbiome refers to the population of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa that reside in a horse’s gastrointestinal tract. It is particularly important in the hindgut, where it supports fibre fermentation, a crucial process for digesting forage. A well-balanced and diverse gut microbiome contributes significantly to overall equine health and resilience.
Recent studies, particularly in Thoroughbred foals, have revealed a strong link between gut microbial diversity and long-term health outcomes. Foals exhibiting greater faecal microbial diversity by just 28 days of age are more likely to experience better health, stronger immunity, and improved future performance. These foals are also thought to be at lower risk of developing common issues such as respiratory diseases and orthopaedic conditions.
Despite a milk-based diet in the first few months, a foal's microbiome begins to form immediately after birth. The mare's microbial environment plays a critical role - microbes are transferred to the foal during birth and through contact in the early days of life.
To encourage the development of a healthy gut microbiome in foals, it is essential to prioritise the mare’s digestive health through proper nutrition and management. Key strategies include:
Feeding a fibre-rich diet, with access to high-quality pasture and hay. For mares with dental issues, fibre-based mashes can be an effective alternative.
Limiting starch intake by choosing low-starch feed options where possible.
Making dietary changes gradually to avoid disrupting the gut microbiota.
Minimising stress, including reducing sudden changes in herd dynamics, travel, or daily routines.
Restricting excessive physical exertion, particularly in the later stages of pregnancy.
Using antibiotics judiciously, only when absolutely necessary and under veterinary guidance.
Keyflow's Nurture is a Pre-digested High Fibre Stud Feed that has been scientifically formulated by world class equine stud nutritionists.
By safeguarding the mare’s gut health, breeders and owners can lay the foundation for stronger, healthier foals. A thriving microbiome in early life does not just influence short-term wellbeing, it also contributes to improved immune function, reduced disease susceptibility, and enhanced performance potential throughout the horse’s lifetime.
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